- UL
UL is the abbreviation of Underwriter Laboratories Inc. in English. UL Safety Testing Institute is the most authoritative in the United States, and it is also the largest private organization engaged in safety testing and appraisal in the world. It is an independent, non-profit, professional organization that conducts experiments for public safety. It uses scientific testing methods to study and determine whether various materials, devices, products, equipment, buildings, etc. are harmful to life and property and the degree of harm; to determine, compile and issue corresponding standards and help reduce and prevent life Data on property losses, while carrying out fact-finding research business. In short, it is mainly engaged in product safety certification and operating safety certification business, and its ultimate goal is to obtain products with a fairly safe standard for the market, and to contribute to the guarantee of personal health and property safety. In terms of product safety certification as an effective means to eliminate technical barriers to international trade, UL also plays an active role in promoting the development of international trade.
The UL94 standard refers to the 94th experimental standard of the American Underwriters Institute. The test method is as follows; make a plastic sheet with a cross-sectional area of 1.27*0.32 cm and a length of 12.7 cm in a vertical state. Use a blowtorch to ignite at the lower end 0.96 cm. After contacting the flame for 10 seconds, remove the blowtorch. If the fire is extinguished within 5 seconds, it is called V -Level 0, extinguishing fire within 5–25 seconds is called Level V-1. Place gauze at 30 cm from the lower section of the plastic sheet. If the dripping liquid causes it to burn, it is called Class V-2.
2. GB National Standard
GB2408–80 horizontal combustion test method
The horizontal test method is to test the combustion performance of a sample under horizontal self-supporting under laboratory conditions.
GB2409–84 vertical combustion method
The vertical combustion method is a method of classifying the combustion of a vertically placed sample with a certain specification after flame action is applied under specified conditions.
GB2406–80 oxygen index test method
Oxygen Index (OI) — — Refers to the minimum oxygen content in the mixed gas required when the plastic is burned. The average concentration of oxygen in the air is 21%. Generally, an oxygen index below 21 is a flammable plastic, 22–27 is a self-extinguishing plastic, and a higher than 27 is a flame-retardant plastic. This method is relatively simple, with good digital reproducibility, and has the characteristics of using numbers to express the combustion performance of materials, so it is widely used abroad (for example, the American oxygen index test standard is ANST/ASTM D2863–1977). This method is not only applicable to self-supporting materials, but also applicable to films, foam plastics, etc.
GB8323–87 Smoke density test method
The test method is to determine the specific optical density of the material when it is irradiated or burned under the specified test conditions. The specific optical density is the specific optical density value calculated from the specified test chamber volume, optical path length, and the measured transmittance of the test area. The maximum optical density value is used to indicate the optical density of the material.
3. ISO
ISO is the abbreviation of “INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION for STAND- ARDIZATION”. It was established in February 1947 and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It has formulated more than 8,000 national standards, of which “ISO9000 series” is a quality management and quality assurance system The international standard developed from the U.S. military’s quality assurance standards in 1959 and was first promulgated in 1987.
ISO-9000 is a set of standards for worldwide quality management and quality assurance promulgated by the International Organization for Standardization. It has been adopted by more than 90 countries. The ISO-9000 standard is mainly promulgated to promote international trade. It is a recognition of quality by buyers and sellers, and it is the cornerstone of establishing a relationship of mutual trust in trade activities. As we all know, there are many corporate standards and national standards for products that require performance indicators and other requirements, but these cannot completely meet customer requirements, nor can they fully meet customer needs. The product that the customer hopes to get is not only qualified at the time, but also credible in the entire production and use process of the product. The ISO-9000 system standard requires that in the process of product design, production and use, clear requirements are not only for people, but also for equipment, methods, and documents, etc., to ensure the physical quality of products through the quality of work. Minimize its hidden defects.
1. There are three standards related to quality system assurance in the ISO-9000 standard: ISO-9001, ISO-9002, and ISO-9003.
ISO-9001 quality system standard is a quality assurance model for design, development, production, installation and service;
The ISO — 9002 quality system standard is a quality assurance model for production, installation and service;
ISO — 9003 quality system standard is the quality assurance mode for final inspection and testing;
2. The ISO 14000 environmental management standard is another management standard launched by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) after the ISO 9000 standard. This standard was formulated by the Environmental Management Technical Committee of ISO/TC207. There are 100 numbers from 14001 to 14100, collectively referred to as the ISO 14000 series of standards. Since the International Organization for Standardization began to introduce the ISO14000 series of standards in 1996, the ISO14000 series of standards have guided the trend of world environmental management by embodying the idea of ”comprehensive management, pollution prevention, and continuous improvement”. At present, more than 120 countries have introduced and started to implement The series of standards. This series of standards integrates the experience of many developed countries in the world in environmental management. It is a complete and highly operable system standard, including the organizational structure required for formulating, implementing, implementing, reviewing and maintaining environmental policies. Plan activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures and resources. Among them, ISO 14001 is the backbone of the environmental management system standard. It is the basis for enterprises to establish and implement an environmental management system and pass certification. The ISO 14000 environmental management system is an international standard that aims to regulate the environmental behavior of all organizations such as enterprises and social organizations, so as to save resources, reduce environmental pollution, improve environmental quality, and promote sustainable and healthy economic development. The users of the ISO 14000 series of standards are global businesses, industries, governments, non-profit organizations and other users. Its purpose is to restrict the organization’s environmental behavior and achieve the purpose of continuous improvement. Like the ISO 9000 series of standards, it is essential to eliminate non-tariff Trade barriers are “green barriers”, which play a major role in promoting world trade.
Four, SGS
SGS is the abbreviation of Societe Generale de Surveillance S.A., which translates as “General Notary”. It was founded in 1887 and is currently the world’s largest and oldest private third party multinational company engaged in product quality control and technical appraisal. Headquartered in Geneva, there are no 251 branches, 256 professional laboratories and 27,000 professional and technical personnel around the world, and product quality inspection, monitoring and assurance activities are carried out in 142 countries.
According to the company’s announcement, the governments of 23 countries (mainly developing countries) currently implement SGS inspections including: Angola, Argentina, Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central Africa, Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Ecuador, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Rwanda, Senegal, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia. Based on full trust in SGS’s impartiality, scientificity, authority and technical capabilities, SGS is entrusted to implement the “Comprehensive Import Super-vision Scheme” (English is Comprehensive Import Super-vision Scheme, referred to as CISS) for imported goods. Trade development and curb illegal import and export of goods
